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questions :Contribution of g.t.fechner to the development of experimental psychology
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[Member (365WT)]answers [Chinese ]Time :2018-09-22
E.H. Weber is a professor of anatomy at the University of Leipzig, Germany. He became the founder of psychophysics due to the study of two-point threshold and minimum sensible difference.

Before Weber, the French physicist P. Bogle once experimented with measuring the sensitivity of the eye to light. He constantly changed the relative position between the candle and the pinhole, so that the light was thrown through the pinhole to a distant place. On the screen, it was found that in order to create a distinguishable shadow in the adjacent dark areas, the brightness of the two must differ by at least 64:1. Bugel's research does not have any principle of special significance to the owner, but the idea of ​​"minimum sensible difference" is bred in the middle, and it has become a cornerstone of epoch-making research in the hands of Weber.
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the study
Weber's research began with "muscle sensation". He wanted to know how much the muscle's sensory function can distinguish between different weights. He experimented with four subjects with three different weights and found that Discrimination does not depend on the absolute value of the weight difference between the two weights, but depends on the ratio of this absolute value to the standard weight value. Under the optimal conditions, the difference between the weights can be about 29:30. It was clearly noticed. Later, Weber conducted similar experiments on other sensory tracts, and the same result was obtained. The ability to distinguish two stimuli was not determined by the absolute value of the difference, but by the relative difference. value.He also found in the experiment that the "minimum sensible difference" can be expressed by a score, although the score varies with the feeling of the subject, but it is constant for a certain sense of the road, so He believes that we can determine the constant score of its "minimum sensible difference" for each sense..
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significance

Weber's experiments made the physiologists at the time realize that it is feasible and important to explore some of the neglected pure psychological problems in the laboratory. Weber’s questions attracted a group of talented people like Helmholtz and Fichner, and he himself studied many of these issues and pointed out ways to systematically study them.
Later, Weber's former student, Faithner, a professor of physics at the University of Leipzig, turned Weber's findings into a mathematical form: ΔI/I=K, which is now known as Weber's law. In this formula, ΔI represents the minimum sensible difference (J.N.D.) of the stimulus, I represents the intensity of the standard stimulus, and K is the fixed value of the specific sensory tract, also known as the Weber ratio or the Weber score.
The introduction of Weber's Law provides us with an important indicator of comparative ability. If the standard stimuli used to compare the discriminative abilities of different individuals are different, the absolute values ​​of the difference thresholds cannot be used for comparison, but the Weber ratio is used for comparison. On the other hand, since the reciprocal 1/K of Weber's ratio can be used as an indicator of susceptibility, we can also compare the susceptibility of different sensory tracts by Weber's ratio.
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