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questions :method of using muscle energy
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[Member (365WT)]answers [Chinese ]Time :2019-09-15
People often carry out various sports. Exercise is done by skeletal muscle. During exercise, muscles need to do work and consume a lot of energy. Where did this energy come from? How does muscle get energy? Energy is supplied by food ingested by humans. When food is broken down in human cells, the chemical energy in the food is released. Half of this energy is emitted in the form of heat, and half is used for muscle cells.
However, muscle cells cannot directly use this energy, but need to be stored first with a compound called adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is then released when needed. Here ATP is used as the energy library of the body. We know that the body needs energy all the time. If there is no ATP, the energy supplied to the body will be intermittent.
How does ATP store energy? The ATP molecule contains three phosphate groups that are linked together by chemical bonds and whose energy is stored on chemical bonds. When a phosphate group is detached from the ATP molecule, a chemical bond breaks, releasing 8 calories of energy, and ATP becomes a compound called adenosine diphosphate (ADP), which contains two phosphate groups. The energy released by ATP decomposition can be utilized by muscle cells. We can think of ATP and ADP as different forms of energy storage batteries. When the battery is charged, ADP is formed. ADP can re-synthesize ATP, and ATP can be decomposed again to be converted into ADP. It can be seen that the efficiency is many times higher than that of the energy storage battery.
The body mainly produces ATP in three ways, one of which requires oxygen to participate, and the other two do not require oxygen to participate. Usually the production of ATP requires oxygen. The three major nutrients in food, sugar, protein and fat, are mainly oxidatively decomposed to produce ATP. This method is the most effective way to generate ATP. However, a small amount of ATP can also be produced by anoxic means.
Why do you need ATP for oxygen-deficient energy? There are two reasons: First, each person has a maximum oxygen intake. During strenuous exercise, although our heart beats faster and panting, it is difficult to supply oxygen adequately. Secondly, the first two to three minutes of any strenuous exercise requires a large amount of oxygen to be inhaled, so it has to rely on the lack of oxygen. After five minutes of strenuous exercise, energy is mainly produced by aerobic means.
The second method of producing energy from muscle cells is also the simplest method. It is produced by decomposing phosphoric acid from a compound called phosphocreatine (PC). There is a small amount of PC in the muscle cells. In this way, ATP can be rapidly increased because there is only one chemical reaction and no oxygen is required, so it is a method for producing ATP without aerobic.



Because of the low PC content in myocytes, its role is limited. But it has some special physiological functions, so it is very important for the intense movement to use explosive movements and actions to be completed in a few seconds.
The third method of producing ATP is the glycolysis of glucose. Under hypoxic conditions, glucose decomposes to produce lactic acid (LA) and releases a small amount of energy. However, there are many disadvantages to using this method to generate energy. For example, when lactic acid is accumulated in the body, it can cause muscle fatigue. This method has less productivity and is only equivalent to 5 percent of the energy produced by the complete oxidation of the same amount of glucose. In addition, in muscle cells. Only a small amount of glucose is stored in the form of glycogen. However, the lactic acid system is capable of supplying large amounts of ATP in two to three minutes. It provides about twice as much ATP as the phosphocreatine system. For athletes like sprinting and diving, it is very important.
In sports, the three methods of supplying energy to muscles can be compared to different gears on a car. Different kinds of sports use different methods to supply energy, and muscles can automatically convert the energy needed.
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