| [Member (365WT)]answers [Chinese ] | Time :2019-10-13 | Anthropology: the word, originated from the Greek word "ανθρωπο(anthrōpos, person)"
anthropology
And "λογο(-logia, discipline)" means the discipline of the researcher. The title of this subject first appeared in the 1501 work of the German philosopher Hend "Anthropology - about the merits, essence and characteristics of human beings, as well as the composition, parts and elements of human beings". At that time, the word anthropology refers to human beings. Constitutional structure.
Contemporary anthropology has its roots in natural sciences, humanities and social sciences. Its research theme has two aspects: one is the biological and cultural nature of human beings, and the other is the source and evolution of the characteristics of human beings. Ethnography also refers to the main research methods of anthropology and the texts written according to anthropological studies. Experts engaged in anthropological research are called anthropologists.
The basic concern of anthropology is: What is the definition of a Homo sapiens? Who is the ancestor of modern Homo sapiens? What is the physical characteristics of human beings? How do humans act? Why are there many variations and differences among different groups of human beings? How does the evolution of Homo sapiens in the past affect its social organization and culture? So on and so forth.
Since Franz Hawes and Bronislaw Malinowski engaged in anthropological studies in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, this discipline has been distinguished from other social science disciplines, anthropology. Emphasis on deep examination of the context, cross-cultural comparison (social cultural anthropology is essentially a comparative research discipline), and a long-term, empirical understanding of the study area, which is often referred to as participation observation. Cultural anthropology emphasizes Cultural relativity, and use its research findings to construct cultural critique.This is particularly popular in the United States, stemming from Franz Boas’s opposition to the nineteenth century, through Margaret Mead’s advocacy of gender equality and sexual freedom, to contemporary criticism of post-colonial oppression. And the promotion of multiculturalism...
In the United States, contemporary anthropology is usually divided into four branches: cultural anthropology (also known as social anthropology), archaeology, linguistic anthropology, biological anthropology/physical anthropology. The anthropology of the four branches is also reflected in many university textbooks, as well as many university anthropology courses. In the UK and in many European universities, these branches are often placed in different disciplines and are considered different disciplines.
Social and cultural anthropology is heavily influenced by postmodern theory. In the 1970s and 1980s, there was an epistemological turn that deviated from the empirical tradition that the discipline was familiar with. In this turn, the issues of the nature of knowledge and the issues of production occupy the core position of sociocultural anthropology. In contrast, archaeology, biological anthropology, and linguistic anthropology remain largely empirical. Because of this epistemological difference, even some anthropological departments are separated. For example, in the 1998-9 school year, "scientists" and "non-scientists" were divided into two departments: anthropology, and cultural and social humans. learn. (Later, in the 2008-9 school year, Stanford University anthropology was reintegrated into a department). |
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