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questions :aerobic breathing formula
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[Visitor (111.8.*.*)]answers [Chinese ]Time :2020-04-08
Schematic diagram of aerobic and anaerobic respiration in cells

First stage: glycolysis (reaction site: cytoplasmic matrix)

①: 1 Glucose 2ADP 2Pi 2 [NAD] → 2Pyruvate 2 [NADH H] 2ATP

Second stage: citric acid cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle) (reaction site: mitochondrial matrix)

②: 2 pyruvate 2 [NAD] 2 Coenzyme A → 2acetyl CoA 2 [NADH H] 2CO2

③: 2acetyl CoA 6H2O 6 [NAD] 2 [FAD] 2ADP 2Pi → 2 Coenzyme A 6 [NADH H] 2FADH2 2ATP 4CO2

The third stage: oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport chain) (reaction site: mitochondrial inner membrane)

④: 28ADP 28Pi 10 [NADH H] 2FADH2 6O2 → 28ATP 12H2O 10 [NAD] 2 [FAD]

Note:

1. The equation coefficients of the above process all use 1 molecule of glucose as the raw material.

2. About the amount of ATP generated.

1NADH → 2.5 ATP (old data is 3ATP);

1FADH2 → 1.5ATP (old data is 2ATP).
The glycolysis that occurs in the cytosol and the citric acid cycle in the mitochondrial matrix are phosphorylated at the substrate level to produce a total of 4 ATP.

Glycolysis, the formation of acetyl CoA and the citric acid cycle produce a total of 2 FADH2 and 10 NADH, so the conversion is 28 ATP.

The total ATP is: 28 4 = 32.

Because glycolysis occurs outside the mitochondria, NADH must enter the mitochondria to be oxidized. Some cells use energy equivalent to 2 ATP to transport NADH into the mitochondria, so that the total amount of ATP produced is 30 instead of 32. But many cells use a method that does not require energy consumption to transport NADH into the mitochondria, so the total amount of ATP produced is still 32. Therefore, the total amount of ATP produced by one molecule of glucose is generally 30-32.
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