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[Visitor (111.8.*.*)]answers [Chinese ]Time :2020-05-06
A sugar-containing derivative formed by the condensation of a monosaccharide hemiacetal hydroxyl group with the hydroxyl group, amine group, or mercapto group of another molecule (such as alcohol, sugar, purine, or pyrimidine).
Also called glycosides. The hemiacetal hydroxyl group of a monosaccharide or oligosaccharide and the hydroxyl group, amino group, or thiol group in another molecule lose water to produce a hydrate. Therefore, a glycoside can be divided into two parts. One part is the residue of sugar (the sugar removes the hemiacetal hydroxyl group), the other part is the ligand (non-sugar part), and its bond is called glycosidic bond. The ligand portion can be very simple or complex. The glycosidic bonds can be connected to each other through oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen atoms, and their glycosides are simply referred to as O-glycosides, S-glycosides, N-glycosides, or C-glycosides. Glycoside ligands can be sugars, thus condensing into disaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.
Glycosides are widely distributed in the roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits of plants. Mostly colored crystals, soluble in water. Generally bitter. Some are highly toxic. Sugar and other substances are formed during hydrolysis. For example, the final product of the hydrolysis of amygdalin C20H27NO11 is glucose c6H12O6, benzaldehyde c6H5CHO and hCN. Glycoside can be used as a medicine. The active ingredients of many Chinese medicines are glycosides, such as Bupleurum, Campanulaceae, Polygala and so on. Due to different stereo configurations, there are two types of glycosides, α and β. The glycosides of glucose (glucoside) and glycosides of other sugars are mostly β-type glycosides.
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