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questions :What are the chemical constituents of phospholipids?
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[Visitor (23.83.*.*)]answers [Chinese ]Time :2020-06-27
Phospholipids are composed of five elements C, H, O, N, and P, and are an important part of biofilms. They are characterized by a mixture containing fatty acids and phosphoric acid after hydrolysis. According to the main chain structure of phospholipids, it is divided into phosphoglycerides and sphingomyelin.

1. The main chain of glycerol phosphate is glycerol-3-phosphate, the other two hydroxyl groups in the glycerol molecule are esterified by fatty acids, and the phosphate group can be esterified by various small molecules with different structures to form various phosphoric acid. Glyceride. The body contains more phosphatidylcholine (lecithin), phosphatidylethanolamine (brain phospholipid), phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol (cardiolipin), and phosphatidylinositol. There are several types due to the composition of fatty acids.
From the molecular structure, it can be seen that the central atom of the glycerol molecule is asymmetric, and therefore has different stereo configurations. Naturally occurring phosphoglycerides all have the same main chemical configuration. According to chemical convention, these molecules can be represented by a two-dimensional projection. The configurations of D-type and L-type glyceraldehyde phosphates are determined based on the X-ray crystal diffraction results. Right-handed is D-shaped, left-handed is L-shaped. The stereochemical configuration and nomenclature of glycerol phosphate are inferred from this.
2. Sphingomyelin Sphingomyelin is a phospholipid containing sphingosine or dihydrosphingosine. Its molecule does not contain glycerin. It is a molecule of fatty acid connected to the amino group of sphingosine with an amide bond. Sphingosine or dihydrosphingosine is an amino glycol having an aliphatic long chain. Sphingosine or dihydrosphingosine has a hydrophobic tail composed of a long-chain aliphatic hydrocarbon group and a polar head composed of two hydroxyl groups and one amino group.

Sphingomyelin contains phosphoric acid, and its terminal hydrocarbon group substitution group is phosphorylcholine acylethanolamine. The most sphingomyelin in the human body is sphingomyelin, which is composed of sphingosine, fatty acids and phosphorylcholine. Nerve sheath phosphate is an important phosphate that constitutes a biofilm. It often coexists with lecithin outside the cell membrane.
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