| [Visitor (112.0.*.*)]answers [Chinese ] | Time :2023-02-06 |  vanadium
Electronic layer distribution: 2-8-11-2
Number of nuclear charges: 23
Electronic layer: K-L-M-N
Peripheral electronic layer arrangement: 3d³ 4s²
Crystal structure: The unit cells are body-centered cubic unit cells, and each unit cell contains 2 metal atoms.
Oxidation state:
Main V 3,V 4,V 5
Vanadium vanadium
Other V-3,V-1,V0,V 1,V 2
Unit cell parameters:
a = 303 pm
b = 303 pm
c = 303 pm
α = 90°
β = 90°
γ = 90°
Mohs hardness: 7
Ionization energy (kJ/mol)
M - M⁺ 650
M⁺ - M2⁺ 1414
M2⁺ - M3 2828
M3 - M4 4507
M4 - M5 6294
M5 - M6 12362
M6 - M7 14489
M7 - M8 16760
M8 - M9 19860
M9 - M10 22240
The rate at which sound travels: (m/s)
4560
Found by: Sef Staum
Year of discovery: 1830
The element vanadium was first discovered by Mexican mineralogist Celelieva in 1801 in a lead specimen containing vanadium. Because the salt solution of this new element appears bright red when heated, it was named "Eletroni", which means "red". But at the time, it was thought that it was the contaminated element chromium, so it was not recognized. Later, in 1830, he wrote that the Buddhist temple Telemu discovered it in iron extracted from Swedish iron ore and affirmed that it was a new element called vanadium. |
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