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"Dibao" is China's first newspaper, which was founded in 2000 years ago in the early Western Han Dynasty (around the second century BC). Han was implemented prefectures and counties in the country is divided into a number of counties which are further divided into several counties. Counties in the capital Chang'an has offices in Beijing, this residence is called "Di", with permanent representatives, their task is to the emperor and liaised between counties heads regularly to the emperor's decree, edict , court officials and palace memorials and other official documents, political events and other relevant information, written on bamboo or silk silk, and then by a messenger rode fast horses, through the Qin Dynasty established post road, sent to the counties sir. This is the "Dibao" from the background.Brief introduction "Dibao" also known as "Di copy" (also as Di notes), and the "DPRK", "newspaper article" "Miscellaneous newspaper," said the four and Both "newspaper" the word, showing that it is used for communications one kind of announcement of the news, is devoted to the affairs of state court pass known instruments and political intelligence news paper copy. According to historical records, the Han Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty Military gun, have set up in the capital, "Di", which acts as today's news organizations in Beijing, focusing on affairs of state to convey the message, where the emperor decree, court officials as well as officials memorials appointment and dismissal of decanting, etc. are required to collect Di officials who transcribed the content. "Dibao" was originally developed by the court within the private copies, then later posted on the palace, made public private copies, so called "palace copy", "copy Yuanmen", which is actually one of the first news release mode. About the Song Dynasty, there has been specializing in the sale of profit transcribed Dibao businessman. Officials for the sake of easy, are willing to spend some money to buy. Later, due probably to spend money that can buy into, no need for repair copy, so that by the late Qing Dynasty Di addition, there has been copied, "Beijing News", "Beijing Daily" newspaper has a special room to manage the business, and become certain scale distribution sector, and began with an initial prototype of the newspaper. According to historical records, the Qing government in Beijing Donghua peripheral has a dedicated agency name called "copy room", sent daily by the newspaper room to go there Beater press release the same day, saying "palace instrument", which is then Qing government issued the "Di notes" place. At room people obtain transcripts, in order to gain time, instantly typography, in addition to being known as the "palace copy" of imperial politics, dynamic reports and decree all as received, the number of memorials are to be chosen because of many. This is printed as a single page without the cover of the "newsprint" called "palace copy", mostly issued in the evening, sent sent to read, in time, much like now evening, and from the nature and level like now for senior cadres to read "big reference" and "internal reference." The "news" from "palace copy", the decree and memorials of three parts, as memorials of words more, typography consuming, require in the evening to complete its printing and binding, in the next issue of this printed double fold Page loaded together "Beijing Daily" like now released daily. Background Dibao as newspapers, first appeared in the early Western Han Dynasty (around the second century BC). Han was implemented prefectures and counties in the country is divided into a number of counties which are further divided into several counties. Counties in the capital Chang'an has offices in Beijing, this residence is called "Di", with permanent representatives, their task is to the emperor and liaised between counties heads regularly to the emperor's decree, edict , court officials and palace memorials and other official documents, political events and other relevant information, written on bamboo or silk silk, and then by a messenger rode fast horses, through the Qin Dynasty established post road, sent to the counties sir. This is the "Dibao" from the background. "Di" later became a senior official in Beijing's local offices, in order to communicate the message transfer and reset. "Dibao" as the name of the newspaper that the resulting. The earliest extant newspaper is now hidden in the British Library in London Dunhuang Tang Guiyijun "played into the courtyard-like", dating back 1,100 years has been a. Song is called a lot of newspapers, there were "Di Bao", "DPRK", "Di copy", "played into the courtyard-like", "like" and other popular name, where "Dibao" is one of the most common name for . As set out above Dibao are the major policies at court officials personnel changes, so it has always been the central issue of the strict control. And its release is handwritten. Song Zhou Lin's book "Hailing set · The prohibition of tabloid," said: "For those who played into the courtyard tabloid, cover Di Officials generation whom. Than the eldest suspected, foreign wonder, Di officials will be competing in the small paper book, flying distance that the tabloid newspaper as saying: 'Today, if a person is a person to stop, someone moved in addition.' often empty as real to inaction there. towards disabilities smell, Zeyue: 'there tabloid carry on! 'gun was in between, Zeyue:' Little report men! 'experience in the future, it said, contingent or otherwise. Yan it however, it does not matter involving secret; Yan it does not close, then why trust? This in harm rule, although if minimal, in fact, must be aware of. Chen Yu deep desire of His Majesty the Secretary, if any, Yan Li sin tours, pain OK prohibited. enable the court order, Ke Deer Wen Ke Deer do not measure; Ke Deer letter Ke Deer do not cheat; the polity respect and listen to the people. " Ming Dynasty, began to use movable type in the "Dibao" printing. Qing Gu said: "Memories yore 'Dibao', to Chongzhen eleven years (1638) have letterpress." In the West has not yet passed before printing, the Qing government in the capital there is a dedicated peripheral donghuamen The agency "copy room." Sent by the daily newspaper room to go there Beater press release the same day, saying "palace instrument", which is released by the Qing government was "Di notes" place. At room people obtain transcripts, in order to gain time, instantly typography, in addition to being known as the "palace copy" of imperial politics, dynamic reports and decree all as received, the number of memorials are to be chosen because of many. Development process Since the Han, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasty until "Dibao" name times, it still has to change, but no issue has been interrupted, the nature and content is not much change. With the invention and development of the paper, the Eastern Han Dynasty, China has made the paper with plant fiber, "Di Bao" has to transcribe paper, so that the "Di Bao" was further developed for easier distribution and delivery. The Tang Dynasty, due Yidao improvement "Dibao" transfer on faster. When Emperor (AD 713 to 755), "Di Bao" also known as "Kaiyuan Miscellaneous News", the use of woodblock printing. Recorded the largest one day Beijing Liao fire ceremony at Anfuku line Floor, South. One day the emperor pro-farming Ji Tian, row nine push ceremony. One day the emperor from Dong Feng Huan, a poor reward, etc., has become a national news publication. The Song dynasty "Dibao" tends fixed release time, the Ming Dynasty set up a special a "Dibao" through the Chief Secretary, specialized management "Dibao" in publishing. End of the Ming Chongzhen years, "Dibao" woodcut printed from hand-written or changed movable type, the greater the scale. Qing era "Dibao" circulation more, later renamed the "Beijing News", a vast number of officials, academics, and even civilians can read the newspaper. "Dibao" or "Beijing News" has been published up to 1912 the Qing emperor to abdicate, to stop the publication. "Dibao" is the world's first newspaper, the situation can be confirmed from the above. Many have considered the earliest Western newspapers of the Roman Empire in 59 BC Julius Caesar years created the "Daily Ji Wen", which is a passing emergency military official newspaper, but this newspaper life is not long, and soon it closed a. On the newspaper's concerned, China's "Dibao" appears in the Western Han Dynasty around the second century BC, predating the Empire "Daily Ji Wen" about a century earlier. Objective newspaper Dibao is China's first newspaper, which was founded in 2000 years ago in the early Western Han Dynasty (around the second century BC) (a saying from the Tang Dynasty played into the courtyard-like newspaper). Han was implemented prefectures and counties in the country is divided into a number of counties which are further divided into several counties. Counties in the capital Chang'an has offices in Beijing, this residence is called "Di", with permanent representatives, their task is to the emperor and liaised between counties heads regularly to the emperor's decree, edict , court officials and palace memorials and other official documents, political events and other relevant information, written on bamboo or silk silk, and then by a messenger rode fast horses, through the Qin Dynasty established post road, sent to the counties sir. This is the "Dibao" from the background. Existing "Dibao" "Dibao" is an ancient official newspaper, had already appeared in the Tang and Song. The earliest surviving now is Xizong KPS three years (AD 887 years) Dunhuang Tang Guiyijun "played into the hospital-like." Now in the possession of London, it was the first Chinese language newspaper, is one of the world's oldest newspaper. Tangshan City in Hebei folk discover and acquiring a large amount of money in the Qing dynasty, twenty-three years (1835) published three days of August, the "Dibao." After checking the detailed appreciation of large amounts of data, the author deems it is a very rare Qing Dynasty, "Di Bao." Recent "CCTV" "Kam Po" column experts group members, Renmin University of China Institute of Ancient Ancient expert Professor Song Pingsheng to Jing County official duties, I specifically asked him this piece "Dibao" were identified and obtained his approval . This rare dynasty "Dibao" for the ancient layout. Format is 19.2 × 11.1 cm, slightly narrow rectangular, but no books mouth and tail marks, no bar lines and the page number. This dynasty "Dibao" a total of 18, each half a page seven lines of 17 characters, a total of over 4,000 words. Type typeset in black-sided printing. About "Di Bao" Shanghai Fudan University journalism department compiled the "China News in Brief History," a book made the following release stated: "Dibao" originally a kind of informal manuscripts of the Song dynasty woodblock printed already. " Dibao "appears, Ming already useful for movable type" Dibao "exists. "Dibao" editor by the official control, the manuscript will be played into the hospital reported the content to be a good job, once reported to the Senate five days, after examination by the Senate called the "final version." Played into the hospital places reviewed and published as a standard sample spread over the country, with news of the "Di Bao" an important feature, and it no header, no fixed style, no period number, and the modern newspaper different. Its contents are the emperor's daily life, words and deeds, Edict, Zhao Zhi, books Chao, decrees, etc., there are official appointment, promotion, dismiss waste, incentives, etc., there are ministers and local officials memorials each other, a few sporadic social news anecdotes and so on. The possession of this "Dibao" is consistent with the above discussion, but also particularly with news, content has four parts: 1 year replacement provincial school governance (tube education officials) of the Edict, pointing out that in addition to Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong and Tianfu not change, the newly appointed Jiangsu, Anhui and other 14 provinces Name of school governance. 2, which is published scientific topics, questions and four books Poems. 3, is the ex minister for granted such as the capture of fugitive Gui Ding library was played. 4, is the chancellor of the exchequer Mujangga played in conjunction with the Ministry of Zunzhi MEETING raise five nuclear trade after the solution of the customs taxes and expenses, cut leather, rectify tax memorials. This memorial agreed on seven content, up to 15 pages in length. Check out the "Qing imperial biography," a book, appointed by the school administration resume can be found, which Caizhen Wu Hunan, Hubei, Wang Lvqian, Henan Liu Ding vulgar, Shanxi Chen Zumao, Guangxi Li Chenglin for years Renxue Zheng et al indeed correct. "Dibao" in Part IV Mujangga memorials content, but also meets on historical data on the "Nanjing Treaty" signed five trade history and the customs of the proposed countermeasures. Newspaper history "Venice Communique" Whether it is China's "Dibao" or Western "daily Ji Wen", is an ancient medium, although the prototype of the newspaper now, but still with the widespread notion in the newspapers has a very large discrepancy. Newspapers now has three characteristics, namely: published news; regular publication; public offering. Mid-16th century, the history of mankind nautical discovery era. Mediterranean was the center of world civilization, the birthplace of the Italian Renaissance, as, has a rich cultural resources and cultural foundations, the north shore of the Mediterranean city of Venice Venice is quite popular tabloid (Venice Gazette) in the newspaper has an extremely important milestone in the development of position. At that time the city of Venice, Italy ranks Mediterranean trade center, and the Mediterranean coast Zhu Hong Kong and Germany liaison frequent commercial city, becoming concentrated urban world news. In this city a man named Manant the organizers, gather information about the court, the city dynamics and trade information such as news, designed for the nobility and merchants handsheet news release this Gazette, very popular at the time, this is VeniceGazette. Later VeniceGazette handwritten instead of printing, and increased efforts to release, was later known as the "Venice communique." Metal casting lead type Gazette (Ge Seta) meant a Venetian coin, a Gazette buy a tabloid, so people called Venice tabloid as Venice Gazette, so that the word became Western Europe "newspaper" synonymous. This is the earliest human history have three properties are now printed newspapers. Also, because Venice was the world's most famous seaports, and from this the Quartet passing numerous, Venice Gazette dealings with these merchants, sailors, tourists, priests were larger area to spread in Europe, Asia and Africa, the impact of the various local newspaper industry. From one in the sense that: Venice Gazette newspaper is now the originator. Since the German Gutenberg mixed with molten metal casting lead type, then he invented the printing inks and printing presses fatty achieve mechanized printing. Newspapers also will usher in the development of the spring. Newspapers development: from Italy, along the European coast north: North Africa, Liberia, Britain and France, the Holy Roman, Viking ...... a very short period of time, the newspaper made popular in Europe. And thereafter for several hundred years, along with the colonists warships cruising the world. China's Newspaper China's "Di Bao" is the world's oldest newspapers. But China now is the sense of newspapers abroad. After the Second Opium War, the West many institutions for the purpose of convenience missionary in China, established newspaper. But then the newspapers are mostly of a religious nature. Not much news in nature. Until the 19th century, the Chinese government-run, private newspapers gradually more up. 1895, that Guangxu twenty-one, the famous Reformation Movement faction Kang, Liang Qiang Society was founded in Beijing, and published the newspaper "foreign Ji Wen" (aka "The Globe"), which is run by the early Chinese people Newspapers the influential. At that time only Beijing, there were already dozens of newspapers, daily print volume over a thousand of the scale. 1900, with the founder of the newspaper after another, Beijing reported the emergence of six rooms, size is: Poly Xing Ju Heng, synthesis, Lutheran, set the text. These messages control the capital of the press room of distribution rights, which is China's first batch of newspaper room. The newspaper quoted room are employed husband, always wear a blue cloth gown, shoulder bags take a long blue cloth, built daily, eighty were distributed to government offices, officials mansion, large firms, banks and other subscribers. 1911 Beijing Liulichang South Willow Lane in the newspaper Yongxing Temple, jointly opened a newspaper distribution office, responsible for the sale of newspapers issue, this should be one of the earliest Chinese folk newspaper distribution and logistics agency. Since the establishment of joint press release at the Northern Warlords, Beijing issued the press center with office and concentrate on the food market near the mouth of the South City, "the Republic reported," "feel report", "bell Daily", "China Communique" and a hundred kinds of newspapers together to form a certain degree of scale industries. Twentieth century, a twenty years, is the Chinese newspaper's heyday, more than a hundred newspapers in Beijing alone, the issue of the newspaper more than three hundred kinds. Is also a time period of the New Culture Movement in China, democratic ideology, humanism been through newspapers large and small depth understanding of getting into the heart. Where the idea of communism to spread also in this period, which contributed to the newspaper. "New Youth", "national", "Weekly Review", "Beijing Daily", "new life" and other newspapers as the Chinese revolution ignited the initial spark. "Morning" is the amount of each issuance reached a record 10,000 copies. Today, the Chinese newspaper industry with the rapid development has not only can describe. According to authoritative determination, Beijing daily newspapers printed more than 700 million copies. Average of less than two people have a newspaper. In Beijing's most famous "Beijing Evening News" for example, has one million copies of its daily quota. In 2005, the country has nearly 2,000 kinds of newspapers, annual paper consumption has more than three million tons, the figure reached in the world. Newspapers originated in China before 2000, after 2000, China is the world's first newspaper largest country. Dibao issue After compiling Dibao via postal delivery "Biography of the Quartet." Step into the way postal delivery delivery, horse delivery, urgent delivery foot, delivering the water, and so are several. Nandu later, to meet the needs of national defense, but also the creation of a pendulum shop system for transferring military imperatives and Pardon. Dibao been sent to allow private copies and replication, and allow copies to Dibao in the community on behalf of the Public Offer. |
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